Introduction

The UAE Labor Law is one of the most important regulations that govern the relationship between employers and employees. It aims to create a fair and safe work environment that protects the rights of all parties involved. In this comprehensive article, we will explore the key aspects of the UAE Labor Law, including contracts, working hours, leave entitlements, termination of service, and recent amendments to the law.

1. Overview of the UAE Labor Law

Federal Decree-Law No. (33) of 2021 was issued to replace the previous labor law. It aims to keep pace with labor market developments and ensure a balanced relationship between employees and employers in the private sector.

2. Types of Employment Contracts

The law stipulates one main type of contract:

Fixed-term employment contract: Must not exceed three years and can be renewed upon mutual agreement.

✅ Key Contract Elements:

Duration of the contract

Salary and benefits

Job responsibilities

Probation period

Work location

3. Working Hours and Leave Entitlements

⏱ Working Hours:

8 hours per day, 48 hours per week

During Ramadan: 6 hours per day

🗓 Leave:

Annual leave: 30 days for employees who have completed at least one year of service

Sick leave: 90 days per year, partially paid depending on duration

Maternity leave: 60 days, with 45 days fully paid

Paternity leave: 5 working days

Other types of leave include study, bereavement, marriage, etc., as specified by law

4. Salaries and Wages

The law mandates salary payments through the Wage Protection System (WPS). Salaries must include the basic wage plus allowances (such as housing, transportation, etc.). Wages must be paid monthly and on time.

5. Termination and End-of-Service Benefits

🛑 Valid Termination Cases:

Contract expiration

Resignation under legal conditions

Dismissal due to proven legal violations

💰 End-of-Service Gratuity:

Calculated based on basic salary only

21 days’ salary for each year of service in the first 5 years

30 days’ salary for each additional year after that

6. Recent Amendments to the Labor Law

Key updates include:

Introduction of flexible and part-time work systems

Cancellation of unlimited contracts

Regulation of remote work

Strengthening women's rights in the workplace

A new mechanism for labor dispute resolution

7. Rights of Expatriate Workers

Expat workers enjoy equal rights, including:

Protection against forced labor or coercion

Provision of housing and transportation for certain job categories

The right to file complaints with the Ministry of Human Resources and Emiratisation

8. Complaint Submission Process

Employees can submit complaints through:

The Ministry of Human Resources and Emiratisation app

Call center at 80060

Visiting TASHEEL or TADBEER centers

9. Penalties for Violating Labor Law

The law imposes fines for violations such as:

Delays in wage payments

Working without a valid permit

Unlawful dismissal of an employee

10. Tips for Employees and Employers

👩‍💼 For Employees:

Ensure you have a clear and signed contract

Keep copies of all official documents

Do not hesitate to claim your legal rights

👨‍💼 For Employers

Stay up to date with legal amendments

Provide a safe and organized workplace

Consult a legal advisor when necessary

Conclusion

The UAE Labor Law is designed to build a balanced and sustainable labor market that protects both workers and employers. It is essential for all parties to be fully aware of their rights and obligations and to seek legal advice when needed.